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C^TA.LOGMJE 



OF 



Products of Michigan 



IN THE 



CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION 



OF ALL NATIONS 



AT 



FAIR MOUNT PARK, PHILADELPHIA 



OPENED MAY lO, 1876. 
CLOSES NOV. lO, 1876. 




LANSING, MICH.: 
W. S. George & Co., State Printers and Binders. 

1876. 



A" ^ w\*> 



THE FOREST. 



PKODUCTS OF MICHIGAN AT THE CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION. 



BY PROF. AY. J. BEAL OF THE STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 



This collection consists of : 

First — Cross sections of trunks of our native trees and some prominent intro- 
duced species, all of which grow to be over six inches in diameter. The sec- 
tions, about sixty-five in number, are from seven inches to two and one-half feet 
in diameter (in one instance reaching seven and one-half feet), and about one 
and a half inches thick or long. 

Second — A collection of about one hundred and forty blocks and twigs, not 
over six inches in diameter by about six inches in length, with bark mostly on 
them. Some of these specimens are of shrubs, quite small, not over one-fourth 
of an inch in diameter. One-sixth of one side of these blocks is planed off ver- 
tically ; an oblique section is made upon the same side toward the top, leaving 
the upper surface a little more than half the diameter. 

Third — A collection of polished boards, eight by sixteen inches, and a half 
inch in thickness, in cases where the trees were of sufficient size to admit of it. 
From smaller trees and shrubs the boards are ten inches long, and of a varying 
width. The number of boards of each species varies from one to twenty, accord- 
ing to the importance, beauty or peculiarities of the species. These boards are 
as unlike each other as is possible to find them, for the purpose of exhibiting the 
wood in all its peculiarities. 

Fourth — There are some specimens of other dimensions not uniform in shape, 
size or finish. These include samples of the valuable hard woods, as oak, hick- 
ory, etc., cut in a variety of shapes. The collection includes knots, natural 
grafts of roots and trunks, oak sticks with deer's antlers imbedded in them, 
etc. For a detailed account consult the following list. 

Fifth — Samples of seeds and cones ; a quart or more of about fifty species. 

THE LIST OF SPECIMENS. 

Each specimen of wood has a number cut on the back or under side or end. 
Tnis is to avoid any mistake in case a label is rubbed off and lost or obscured in 
any way. 



CATALOGUE OP PKODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 



Placed on or tied to each specimen is a label containing its number, corre- 
sponding to the number in this list ; also the Latin name, the common name 
(if it has one), the locality where it grew, and the name of the donor. 

The names are arranged as they succeed each other in Gray's Manual of 
Botany, as follows : 



Number. 



Latin Name. 



Common Name. 



Size and Shape. 



Locality. 



Donor's Name. 



Remarks. 



THE CONFUSION 1ST HAMES OE TREES, 

and especially of shrubs, as used in various parts of the State, is often quite 
bewildering. This arises in a great variety of ways among those who have little 
observation or no knowledge of botany. 

The first one on the list is called by some "whitewood" and "tulip-tree," 
by others "poplar." The latter name is also used for several other species of 
trees. 

Two species of trees are indiscriminately spoken of as "the soft maple." 
The names of our oaks are a good deal mixed up. This is true of the scientific 
descriptions as well as of the common names. We have seven species of birch, 
five of which are trees. Two or three of them are known as " yellow birch " in 
different sections of the State. Two others are indiscriminately called "the 
white birch." 

Hardly any one, unless a botanist, pretends to know the species of our willows 
or poplars and cottonwoods. Two or three different species of pine are known 
in different parts of the State as "scrub pine," "gray pine," "buckwheat 
pine," "black pine," "jack pine." Of course there is still greater confusion 
of names and want of any common name among some of the shrubs and 

THE EAEE TREES. 

Some kinds are plenty enough in a few localities, yet quite rare in most parts 
of the State, while others are never very abundant any where, but scattered here 
and there over a large extent of territory. I have been unable to find the cucum- 
ber tree (Magnolia acuminata) in the State. I have heard of it in a number of 
places, but when hunted up it proved to be the whitewood, tulip tree, or one of 
the cottonwoods. 

It may exist in some of the southern counties. It forms a beautiful and 
peculiar shade tree, standing our climate quite well in some sections. 

The paw paw is an interesting shrub, with a trunk of soft greenish wood, 
ometimes six inches in diameter. The leaves are simple, long and drooping. 
It fruits in several counties as far north as Ionia. The fruit looks some ' like a 
banana, only it is larger and straighter. 

The Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra) is found sparingly along the south part 
of the State. Its appearance is in every way inferior to the horse chestnut, 
which is cultivated from Asia. 

The striped maple and the mountain maple both attain the size of large 
shrubs. They are rather rare along streams and in rich woods in the center and 
northern parts of the State. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 3 

The box elder, honey maple, or ash-leaved maple (Negundo aceroides), grows 
sparingly in the south half of the lower peninsula along streams. It does not 
generally make a straight, nice tree in our State, hut farther south and west of 
us it thrives better, and is sometimes recommended for cultivation for timber. 

The red bud or Judas tree (Cercis Canadensis) attains the diameter of six or 
eight inches in the south tier of counties in rich soil. Where hardy, it is wor- 
thy of cultivation, on account of its red purple flowers, which appear quite early 
in spring before the leaves. 

The Kentucky coffee tree is not well known by the mass of the people. It is 
remarkable for its few thick, stumpy limbs and large compound leaves. The 
bark is quite rough. The tree sometimes bears large, thick, heavy pods an inch 
and a half wide by four inches in length, containing several hard beans the size 
of lima beans. 

It grows in the south part of the State to Ionia, and sometimes attains a diam- 
eter of eighteen inches. The wood is rose colored, showing the grain well. 

The honey locust is still more limited in its growth. It is found in rich woods 
in the south tier of counties, especially along the rivers Raisin and Kalamazoo. 
The pods are often eight inches long, an inch wide, and quite thin. The tree 
usually bears branching thorns, but sometimes no thorns are produced. It is 
valuable for hedges. 

Two species of mountain ash grow in the north part of the State, some- 
times attaining a diameter of eight inches or more. 

The pepperidge, known also as sour gum tree, tupelo, grows about the mar- 
gins of swamps in the south part of the State. The wood is usually very diffi- 
cult to split, but some of it splits easily. The limbs stand out horizontally in a 
peculiar manner, some like those of the beech. The leaves turn bright crimson 
in autumn. The tree becomes twenty inches or more in diameter, and is worthy 
of use as an ornamental tree. 

There are two elders scattered all over the State, one bearing a flat, cluster of 
black berries, the other a conical cluster of red berries. 

The largest specimen of elder comes from Grand Traverse, and is about five 
inches in diameter. 

The red ash and green ash are both doubtful species. They are rather rare, 
small trees, found along streams. They resemble white ash too closely. 

Sassafras is well known, usually as a shrub, but I hear of it over two feet 
through in the south and in the southwest part of the State in quite a number 
of places, and in one case in Allegan county four feet four inches in diameter. 

The moosewood or leatherwood has the softest wood and the toughest bark of 
any woody plant in the State. It sometimes attains a diameter of two and a 
half inches. 

The Sheplierdia is one of the rarest shrubs in the State, growing along the 
margins of lakes on gravelly banks. It bears insipid yellowish red berries tl 
size of currants. The leaves are covered with rusty scales, especially on ie 
under side. 

The hackberry, sugarberry, nettle tree is sparingly found as far north as Mid- 
land, and perhaps considerable farther, two feet or more in diameter. I have 
met but few people who knew the correct name for it. In three counties I hear 
it called shittim wood. I have often been asked about it. It has rough bark, 
which turns over in thin rolls. The tree looks some like its cousins, the elms, 
having its simple leaves in two rows along opposite sides of the stem the same as 



4 CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 

elms. The tree bears small sweet berries the size of peas. The wood is of little 
value except for firewood. 

The red mulberry is a rare tree, never growing in groves or clusters that I 
have heard of in our State. It has milky juice, attains a diameter of nearly 
two feet. The wood is yellowish and pretty. It grows in rich woods in the 
southern part of the State. 

The western shell bark hickory (Carya sulcata) is the one bearing very large 
nuts with thick shells of a dull yellowish color. It thrives only in the southeast 
part of the State, so far as I can learn. 

The chestnut is confined to the highest land in the southeast part of the State 
in limited quantity, in Oakland, Washtenaw, Wayne, Monroe and St. Clair 
counties. It grows well when planted on the sandy land at the Agricultural 
College, one of the coldest portions of our State. 

The white birch (Betula alba) is found north of the central part of the south- 
ern peninsula. The leaves are small, triangular ; the bark is white, not peeling 
into rolls very freely. 

The paper or canoe birch (Betula papyracea) also has a white outer bark, 
which peels freely in thick or thin layers from around the tree. The leaves are 
larger. It is often confounded with Betula alba, both going by the name of 
white birch. 

The balsam poplar grows in the southern peninsula, but scattering, sometimes 
attaining a diameter of two or even four feet. 

The gray or scrub pine (Pinus Banksiana) grows from south of Lake Michi- 
gan along the western part of the State to the northern part. It also grows 
along the eastern side, especially to the north, and occasionally on poor land 
north of the central part. 

The yellow pine (Pinus mills) I hear of at Ludington and Elk Rapids. It 
doubtless occurs in other portions of the State. 

White spruce is quite rare. Our fine sample comes from Ludington. It 
grows in swamps at the north. 

Black spruce grows common in swamps at the north, but disappears a little 
south of Lansing. 

Balsam fir is found with spruce and arbor vitae sparingly, but does not get as 
far south as these trees. It is a most beautiful tree while young, but when 
twenty or more years old it begins to grow slowly, lose its lower limbs and look 
forlorn. 

White cedar or cypress ( Cupressus thyoides). I have looked and inquired in 
vain for this beautiful tree, but can get no trace of it in Michigan. 

Arbor vitae is very common in the swamps at the north, and is usually known 
as white cedar. It makes our telegraph poles and many fence posts. I think 
it is over rated as an ornamental tree, especially on thin sandy land. It is a good 
tree to trim into ornamental hedges. 

Red cedar is found in quite limited quantity along streams and about lakes, 
here and there all over the State, at least in the southern peninsula. The best 
trees are nearly all gone. Its timber is a great favorite for pails and tubs and 
other purposes on account of its color, odor and durability. It grows quite fast 
with good culture, and even with its brown color in winter is a good tree to plant 
for ornament. 

Among the 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 5 

MOST COMMON" TREES 

of the State stand the beech and sugar maple. They are all oyer the southern 
peninsula on what is known as timbered land. They are well known everywhere 
by the same common names for their valuable fire wood. Eed beech grows 
among other trees and has much heart wood ; white beech is the same kind of 
tree grown in more exposed places. There is a similar difference in our species 
of hickory and American elm. Beech and maple are very perishable when 
exposed to the changes of the weather. 

The sugar maple grows on good land. It is used for wagon axletrees, shoe- 
lasts, shoe-pegs, ox-yokes, some parts of chairs, for boards and timber not 
exposed to weather. Sugar is made of the sap. Much of the sugar maple in 
the north part of the State is curly or birds-eye. It is very nice for furniture 
and for finishing buildings and railway coaches, especially when used as a veneer. 
It is a prominent and favorite shade tree. 

The white oak is another very valuable tree, found in great abundance in most 
parts of the southern peninsula. It disappears as we go north among the forests 
of pine. It is one of our most valuable trees for a great many purposes ; for 
floors, doors and furniture, especially when cut to show the silver grain or med- 
ullary rays. It is much used for rails, posts, railroad ties, bridges, planks and 
hewn timbers, piles, ship building and many other uses. Some of it is very 
tough, and valuable on this account. 

White ash is also widely distributed, prominent and well known all over the 
State, except limited localities. It stands without a rival for farm implements, 
for cabinet ware, oars, for floors, for finishing off churches and dwelling houses. 
It is remarkable for its elasticity, strength and beauty. It grows rapidly to a 
large tree. 

Black walnut is still quite abundant in some parts of the State. It disappears 
as we go north into the pine timber. Its great value is well known to all for 
furniture, finishing houses inside. The price has rapidly increased within a few 
years. The fashion for walnut has not abated. 

Black cherry, the timber of which is red, is found with black walnut and 
farther north. It is not very abundant nor so large as the walnut, oak or white 
ash. It is not so much used for furniture and finishing churches as formerly. 
Much school furniture is made of cherry. Perhaps one reason why it is not so 
fashionable as formerly is that it can be so easily imitated by staining white pine, 
which is very common and more easily worked. It is much like Mahogany. . 

Vast forests of nice white pine give Michigan the highest rank as a lumbering 
State. This is either scattered with other timber north of a line running 
through Lansing, or in some places it forms large tracts as almost the only tim- 
ber. The uses of pine are almost endless. It is a general favorite. 

Kock or white elm is a very valuable timber on account of its toughness. It 
is found in the same country with pine and farther south. Large, straight, 
beautiful trees are found, some of which will make good axe-helves, wagon 
spokes, fills, farm implements, and it is fit to use in any place where strength 
and toughness are required. 

Shag bark hickory and one or two others which rank as species are very valua- 
ble for wagon-makers, especially the second growth, or those trees which grow 
in exposed places. It is widely distributed, but seldom makes a very large tree. 

Black ash is gaining favor. Some of it is considered -equal or superior to 



6 CATALOGUE OF PKODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 

chestnut for cabinet ware. It becomes a large tree on rich low land in most 
parts of the southern peninsula. It has long been used for barrel hoops and 
bottoming chairs and making baskets. It grows rapidly. 

This is not intended as a complete work on forestry. For a fuller account 
see a valuable work called " Forest Trees for Shelter, Ornament and Profit/' 
by Arthur Bryant, Sr. 

GEE AT WASTE. 

To the best of my knowledge, lumbering has always been overdone in this 
State. It is in most places very slovenly and wastefully done. Labor is so high 
and lumber so cheap that the best is culled here and there, a few trees. The 
tops and refuse are left on the ground. They are very likely to burn in a year 
or two and destroy the rest of the standing timber. The fire does not stop here, 
but runs in and destroys the adjacent timber which has been left for future use. 
It is a great pity that this fearful destruction by fire is not or cannot in some 
way be prevented. 

HIGH TEEES. 

The exact height of our tallest trees in most cases is not known. They are to 
be found in some congenial spots where the ground is favorable for a thick 
growth, in a slight sag in the ground. At Olam Lake an old lumberman 
informed me that he could furnish spars of pine 175 feet long and not over two 
feet through at the butt. He had cut them 200 feet long. 

LAEGE TEEES. 

Within my recollection a large part of Southern Michigan, which is now in 
the form of arable land, has been cleared of timber. Our grandfathers, at 
great labor and expense, cut down, rolled into heaps, and burned the timber 
from thousands of acres in New York, because they must have room for corn 
and wheat and meadow. Our fathers did and are still doing the same thing for 
Michigan. Educated in this way, brought up in the woods, where timber is too 
plenty, as a people, we have been taught to undervalue timber. There are now 
living, men who can see no beauty in a tree, except for the cords of wood or 
loads of lumber, or the hundreds of rails it will make. The lovely elm, with all 
its grace and beauty, well styled the queen of American trees, shades the border 
of his meadow, and is a nuisance. He cuts it down. Our large, grand old trees 
have not been saved, partially because of this lack of love for them. In many 
places it would be impossible to save them. They would not stand the storms 
alone when their fellow trees were cut away. In 100 or 200 years it is likely our 
successors will have and care for large samples of trees which have grown more 
stocky in exposed places. One of the interesting things now to do is to save 
what we can and make a record of the size and position of any large trees in 
Michigan. 

We have no written history recording the size and peculiarities of our forest 
trees. Below I have arranged in a table the name of the tree, the diameter, the 
locality of the tree, the name of the person giving the information. It is not 
nearly so full nor so accurate as I should like to make it. 

The first part consists of our native trees, arranged with the common names 
in alphabetical order. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 



7 



Common Name. 



Ash (White)... 

Black Ash 

Birch 

*Black Cherry 

Black Cherry 

Box Elder 

Buttonwood 

Buttonwood 

Buttonwood 

Black Walnut. 

Black Walnut.... 

Balsom Poplar .. 

Butternut 

Cottonwood 

Cottonwood 

Cottonwood 

Dogwood. 

Elder (Red) 

Elder (Red) 

Elm (American) 

Grape Vine ... 

Grape Vine 

Hickory (pignut) 

Hickory (shell hark).. 
Hickory (2d growth).. 

Honey Locust 

Honey Locust 

Hemlock Spruce. 

Hemlock Spruce 

Ironwood 

Ironwood 

Ironwood 

Maple (sugar)... 

Maple (sugar) _ 

Maple (sugar) 

Maple (sugar) 

Mulberry (red) 

Mulberry (red) 

Oak (white) 

Oak (swamp) 

Oak (white) 

Oak (white) 

Pine (white) 

Prickly Ash.. 

Pepperidge 

Reel Cedar 

Sassafras 

Sassafras 

Tamarack 

Tamarack 

White Cedar. 

White Cedar 

White Cedar 

White Wood 

White Wood... 

Apple Tree 

Apple Tree 

Apple Tree 

Apple Tree 

Apple Tree 

Ailanthus 

Ailanthus 

Osage Orange 

Pear Tree.. 

t Weeping Willow 



Diameter of Tree. 



5% feet 

3 feet 11 inches 

3 feet 6 inches.. 

3 feet 6 inches.. 

7 feet 6 inches 

16 inches _ 

8 feet 6inches 

8 ft. at 10 ft. above ground. 
11 feet below 

9 feet 6 inches 

11 feet 

3 feet 7><j inches. 

3 feet 9 inches.. 

3 feet 6 inches 

6 feet 

10 feet 

9X inches. 

5><2 inches 

5 inches 

8 feet 

10 inches 

10 inches 

3 feet... 

2Xfeet 

18 inches 

2feet 

2 feet 

5 feet.. 

4 feet 4 inches 

19 inches. 

lfoot 

1 foot 3 inches 

5 feet 9 inches 

6 feet 

5 feet 3 inches 

4 feet 9 inches 

1 foot 3 inches 

1 foot 4>£ inches 

5 feet 

7 feet 8 inches 

7 feet 

8 feet 4 inches.. 

6,^ feet 

4 inches 

2 feet 3 inches 

3 feet 

2 feet.... 

4 feet 4inches 

3 feet 

3 feet 4inches 

4feet 

4 feet. 

5}£ feet 

6 feet 

f> feet 

1 foot 11 inches 

2 feet 6 inches... 

1 foot 5 inches 

1 foot 9 inches 

3 feet 3 inches 

1 foot 6 inches 

2 feet 1 inch 

8 inches 

3 % feet 

4 feet 6 inches.. 



Locality. 



Authority. 



Saiigatuck, Allegan Co 

Redford, Wayne Co 

Hersey, Osceola Co 

Argyle, Sanilac Co 

South Lyons, Oakland Co 

Adrian, Lenawee Co 

Adrian, Lenawee Co 

Portland, Ionia Co 

Grand Rapids (near.) 

Reading, Hillsdale Co 

Allegan Co _ 

Orion, Oakland Co 

Hemlock City, Saginaw Co... 

Locke, Ingham Co 

Grattan, Kent Co. 

Almont. 

Battle Creek. 

Traverse City 

Traverse City 

Manistee 

South Lyons, Oakland Co 

Raisinville 

Battle Creek 

Oakwood, Oakland Co 

Franklin, Oakland Co 

Adrian 

Kalamazoo 

Allegan Co 

Hersey, Osceola Co 

Walton 

Cedar Springs 

Birmingham 

Ionia Co.. 

Otsego Co 

Gaylord, Otsego Co 

Ferry, Oceana Co... 

Portland, Ionia Co 

Dearborn, Wayne Co 

Olive, Allegan Co.. 

Yew, Wayne Co 

Johnstown, Barry Co 

Little Salt River 

Walton. 

South Lyons 

Rollin, Lenawee Co.. 

North Port. 

Little Prairie Ronde,Cass Co. 

Saugatuck, Allegan Co 

Lansing, Ingham Co 

May, Tuscola Co 

Cedar River. 



Walton 

Vevay, Ingham Co 

Monroe Co 

Decatur, Van Buren Co 

Prairie Ronde 

Schoolcraft, Kalamazoo Co. 

Concord 

Monroe 

Mason, Lenawee Co 

Farmington, Oakland Co 

Climax. 

Monroe 

Adrian 



H. D. Post. 

J. D. Perry. 

W. J. Beal. 

J. M. Cole. 

David Dunlap. 

B. W. Steere. 

H. E. Owen. 

W. B. Hopkins. 

David Dunlap. 

W. K. Kidder. 

Hiram Bennett. 

Prof. R. C. Carpenter. 

H. S. Averill. 

J. C. Martin. 

Mrs. M. A. Lessiter. 

Joseph Bristol. 

J. A. Robinson. 

W. N. Adsit. 

M. L. Leach. 

F. L. Kerr. 

David Dunlap. 

Frank Atkinson. 

J. A Robinson. 

Sloan Cooley. 

David Broughton. 

H. Dale Adams. 
H. D. Post. 
W. J. Beal. 
E. L. Frazer. 
Philip Dines. 
A B. Simonson. 



Chas. L. Fuller. 
W. D. Webber. 
W. B. Hopkins. 
A. G. Gullev. 
H. D. Post. * 
Wm. Ford. 
W. K. Vanryckle. 

E. L. Frazer. 

John J. McWhorton. 

Norman Andress. 

W. W. Tracy. 

H. Dale Adams. 

H. D. Post. 

Truman. 

Jas. B. Crosbv. 



E. L. Frazer. 
C. C. Walker. 
If. D. Post. 
C. If. Morris. 
Geo. G. Crose. 
Hosea Cox. 
Frank A. Ray. 
Edwin Willits. 
B. H. Pennington. 
P. Dean Warner. 
H Dale Adams. 
Edwin Willets. 
S. E. Graves. 



* Length of trunk 55 feet to first limb. 

t This weeping willow has several very large branches about six feet from the ground. Within 
these branches is a bearing currant bush. The tree was set about forty years ago by Wm. Beal, who 
then owned the place, situated a mile and a half northeast of Adrian. 

We send two sections of a large cottonwood to the Centennial, one section 
near the ground ten feet across, the other fifty feet above it over three feet in 
diameter. Five feet above the ground the tree was twenty-seven feet in circumfer- 
ence. The tree was 140 feet high. The first limb was twenty-eight inches in 
diameter and made two saw logs, each fourteen feet long. The tree grew two and 



8 CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 

a half miles south of Almont village. The ahove items in reference to the cotton- 
wood are furnished by the donor, Mr. Joseph Bristol. 

The large specimen board of whitewood or tulip tree came from a tree cut 
some years ago. The tree made 5,060 feet of lumber. These items are given 
by John N. Heth, Birmingham. 

I am informed of another white wood tree cut in Shelby which made 5,000 
feet of lumber ; one board was four and a half feet wide. 

The following is taken from the Lansing Eepublican of April 18, 1876, over 
the initials G. S. T. : 

"I send you statement of logs cut by S. E. Sanford, of Muskegon, a man 
well known in this State, whose figures are to be relied on. They were scaled 
merchantable, — that is, all defects were taken out. Had they been scaled at 
surface they would have shown much larger figures. Take, for example, the 
first tree. The butt thrown out, it scaled 1,186 feet. Three logs scaled 5,520 
feet, and nearly 2,000 feet left in the woods, making nearly 9,000 feet in this 
one tree. 

"The following is a statement of the merchantable scale of twenty trees, cut 
by S. E. Sanford in the town of Belvidere, Montcalm county, and scaled by 
William Durno for John White, M. P., of Canada, who owns the land and is 
lumbering at Grand Haven : 

"One tree in 10-feet lengths, 1,186 feet, cut off from butt, 3 logs scaled 5,520 
feet; diameter at top 44 inches. One tree in 10-feet lengths, 1,252 feet cut off 
from butt, 3 logs, scaled 5,471 feet; diameter at top 42 inches. One tree in 
8-feet lengths, 987 feet cut off from butt, 3 logs, scaled 4,683 feet; diameter at 
top 40 inches. One same length, 974 feet off butt, 4 logs, scaled 4,869 feet; 
diameter at top 31 inches. 



No. Logs. 


Lengths in 
feet. 


No. logs 
in tree. 


Scaled 
feet. 


Diameter 
at top in 

inches. 


No. Logs. 


Lengths in 
feet 


No. logs 
in tre e. 


Scaled 
feet. 


Diameter 

at top in 

inches. 


1 


12) 
14 [ 
16) 
14) 

16 f 
16 


4 

4 

4 
4 

4 

4 
4 


4,705 

4,587 

4,379 
4,652 

4,593 
4,649 
5,173 


33 

34 

32 
35 

33 
31 
36 


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16 

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16 

16 

16 

16 

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5 

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6,412 

6,287 

6,149 
6,432 
5,831 
5,672 

5,148 


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A total of 85 logs, scaling 107,455 feet. The largest log scaled (merchanta- 
ble) 2,025 feet; several scaled 1,700 feet and over; and 200 logs scaled an aver- 
age of over 900 feet each log." 

The logs were mostly cork pine, i. e., a sort of white pine with wood very soft 
and nice to work. 



VALUABLE TEEES. 



Some trees prove of great value because of the peculiarity of the grain or color. 
If I am rightly informed, a walnut tree in Potterville sold for $1,000, as the 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 9 

wood was in beautiful waves. It was made into veneering. Mr. J. W. King, 
of Lansing, bought a black walnut tree seven feet through in Brookfield. He 
sold it for nearly $1,200 to be cut up into veneering in New York. Mr. H. D. 
Post, of Saugatuck, Allegan Co., tells me of a blistered walnut, very dark in 
color, which lay for some years in the water near Grand Eapids. The owner 
cut it into veneering for his own use, after refusing $2,000 for it. 

Doubtless many a valuable log has been cut into fire-wood, or rolled into a 
log-heap and burned, or sawed into boards for a hog-pen by ignorant people not 
knowing its real worth. 

At Grand Eapids I learned of a black cherry with very dark wood which was 
shipped to Central America, and from there shipped back to this country as 
good mahogany. 

In the north part of the State, as at Otsego and Petoskey, there is some very 
fine curly and bird's eye maple. Considerable quantities are .going to Europe. 
Some choice trees of rock elm, white oak, and white ash are also going to 
Europe, besides to nearly all parts of our own country, either in the unfinished 
state or after being first manufactured into some articles of furniture. 

INATUKAL GKAPTIXG 

is very common with various kinds of roots, and not uncommon with the 
branches of trees and shrubs. 

We send one or two small samples of root grafting and some of top grafting 
as found in the natural state. 

In Branch county stand two trees, twelve feet apart, each about twelve inches 
through. They run up twelve feet, when one starts off horizontally and strikes 
the other, when they grow together in one body. I heard of a specimen, per- 
haps not now standing, two pines, about four feet apart, diameters twenty-six 
and twenty inches respectively. About sixteen feet from the ground they are 
joined by a tie six inches in diameter. Above the point of union the smaller 
tree becomes the largest, 

Mr. George Powell, of Bennington, Shiawassee Co., writes of two beeches 
now growing on his farm. They are about eighteen inches in diameter near the 
ground, thrifty and straight. About twenty feet above the ground they are joined 
together. The trunks are nearly covered with the names of persons who have 
made them a visit, some of them dating back thirty years. I should say of 
these beeches, which go to the Centennial, "united we stood, united we fell." 

Mr. L. B. Peck, of Muskegon, writes: "On the farm of William H. Hub- 
bard, in the township of Perry (Keed P. O.), Oceana county, is a specimen of 
natural grafting. Two trees, standing some fifteen feet apart, are united 
together some ten feet high, forming from thence upward a perfect single top, 
with a smooth, round, natural trunk. Having seen it but a few moments, I am 
not able to give a very precise description, — not even to name the variety of tim- 
ber, but I think the two are of the same." 

Mr. E. J. Shirts, of Shelby, Oceana Co., sends a drawing and description of 
two sugar maples in his section grown together. The larger tree stands up 
straight, and is about two feet in diameter. The smaller tree is fifty feet from 
the larger one, and is about one foot in diameter. The small one, some eight 
feet from the ground, is bent over and touches the larger one where the graft 
occurs, thirty feet above the ground. At the point of union the large tree is 
twenty inches and the small one six inches in diameter. 

I have looked many times at forest trees of different genera which had appar- 

2 



10 CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 

ently grown together by root, trunk or limbs, but on cutting into them I never 
found the least union of the wood. 

KNOTS. 

Mr. Warren Brown, Flint, writes as f ollows in reference to a huge oak knot 
which he donates : " The tree is nearly three feet at the butt. The wart is ten 
feet up the tree and is sound as a nut. I should have it made into a punch bowl, 
neatly carved. This wart goes round the tree within ten inches. Around the 
tree over the knot the tree is in circumference about twenty-five feet." 

Sanford Keeler, Superintendent of the Flint & Pere Marquette Railroad, sends 
a portion of a pine tree which made a complete tarn around and then grew on 
straight. The curl was about 30 feet from the ground and there was six inches 
in diameter. 

Hon. J. Webster Ohilds sends a mallet made of a black ash knot. It is well 
made and is a beautiful specimen, showing a variety of faces or sides of the 
grain. 

Mr. V. G. Oanfield, Lansing, gives a cut from a knot of black walnut. One 
side we have polished ; the other shows the bark. 

deer's antler in a tree. 

A part of one is imbedded in an oak rail from a tree two feet in diameter, 
where it remained some years before it was discovered. By estimate the horn 
was about nine feet from the ground when the tree was standing. This was 
sent by Augustus Schmidt, of Kalamazoo, at the suggestion of H. Dale Adams* 

A. B. Wetherbee, of Cass County, sends the following : The deer's horn in this 
case is about 16 inches long and has two branches, one projecting obliquely up 
alongside, and the other passing horizontally into and through the heart of the 
tree. The point of the upper branch is perfect ; the lower one is somewhat 
damaged, and the base of the horn, fixed in the sap-wood of the tree, shows 
proofs of its former attachment to the head of the deer. The tree is perfectly 
sound, and is an ordinary white oak, 22 inches in diameter. It was first noticed 
by the early settlers about 36 years ago, when the tree was but eight or ten 
inches in diameter, with the horn projecting apparently through the center ; the 
points disappeared about ten years ago, and when the tree was cut, March 7, 
1876, only a small portion of the bone attached to the horn was visible. 

The writer remembers seeing a specimen at the University of Michigan much 
like the one sent by Mr. Wetherbee. 

In all these cases we suppose some one hung the antler on the limb of a tree 
out of the reach of wolves and dogs, or to place it where he could find it on 
some future occasion. 

Allen & Co., Lansing, send a model of their new patent window blind made 
of the rich, beautiful wood of staghorn sumach. 

WHAT TREES TO PLANT. 

It may seem strange to hear of raising trees for timber in Michigan, but our 
people will soon begin to raise some kinds, and some of us will live to see it in 
all probability. So far as we can judge now our best trees to raise for timber 
are white ash, hickory, black walnut, white pine, white oak, European larch, 
and chestnut. An acre of timber raised, cultivated and properly cared for is of 
much more value than an acre of forest trees of the same species. 

At the Agricultural College we have begun in a small way to raise some of 
our native trees, some foreign ones also, to see which will prove of most value 
for future generations to grow for profit, shelter and ornament. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 11 

We all know that our forests are of great value and that they are 

EAPIDLY DISAPPEARING. 

Maine was but a few years ago a great lumbering State. Her valuable pine is 
now about all gone. The same is true of Northern New York. In Pennsylva- 
nia, at the present rate, all the good timber will be gone in three years. Of 
course some of it will be kept longer. Michigan is now the great headquarters 
for valuable lumber. Two-thirds of the best in the markets of New York, 
Philadelphia and Boston goes from Michigan. Some of it goes to Germany and 
Great Britain. 

Besides the demand at the East, Michigan supplies immense quantities of 
lumber to the cities and prairies of the southwest. 

No other country of its size on this continent or any other has so much hard 
and soft wood valuable for hewing and for boards as the northern half of the 
southern peninsula of Michigan. 

THE FORESTS OF GREAT BRITAIN. 

It is human nature for us all to praise our own country. Even the poor men 
of Lapland and Iceland do this. To comprehend the relative importance of 
Michigan timber, let us take a glance at the forests of Great Britain. Great 
Britain and Ireland contain 121,260 square miles of land, Michigan 60,000, a 
little less than one-half as much as Great Britain. She has one species of bass- 
wood not so good as ours ; one maple not over twenty feet high ; one cherry, 
from ten to twenty feet high ; one small ash, two elms, two poplars, one beech, 
which grows very large but not very high (sometimes ninety feet around), one 
small white birch, one species of pine, by no means a match for our white pine, 
a species of oak which sometimes grows to a great size (seventy feet in circum- 
ference). But the trees in many places there do not grow as thickly as they do 
here. They branch out low. They are magnificent trees for a park, a kind of 
second growth, but not very good for logs of hewn or sawed timber. 

Great Britain, we see, has about ten species of trees natives of her soil. Mich- 
igan, with half the territory, has about ninety species, nine times as great a 
variety. Of course so old a country has introduced a great many species from 
other climates. Great Britain has no white wood (tulip tree), no white or red 
cedar, no walnuts or hickories. Michigan has six species of maple of tree size, 
a basswood, a white wood, honey locust, Kentucky coffee tree, two cherries, a 
pepperidge, five species of ash, a sassafras, three elms, a hackberry, a mulberry, 
a buttonwood, black walnut, butternut, six hickories, about twelve oaks, a chest- 
nut, a beech, five tree birches, four or six willows of tree size, six poplars, five 
or more pines, four spruces, one larch, one arbor vitas, and a red cedar. 

THE FORESTS OF SOUTH AMERICA. 

I have never had the privilege of a visit to tropical climes, but I have read the 
remarks of others who have. I have lately had a long visit from Dr. J. B. 
Steere, of our own State, who has spent over five years in a trip around the- 
world, passing across South America in the widest place, along the Amazon, 
visiting some of China, the tropical islands east and south of the Hindostan, 
Egypt, France, Great Britain, etc. During all these five years he has been col- 
lecting birds, land shells, plants, etc. He has been in the forests a great deal 
of the time. He is a very good botanist. In all his travels he saw no forests to 
compare with the grandeur of our northern forests of pines. In the tropics 
there are 6,000 species of trees on a territory where we should find sixty species, 
100 times as great a variety there as here. There might there be one, two or 



12 CATALOGUE OF PEODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 

three trees of a kind on an acre. As the climate along the Amazon is always mild 
the leaves are always on the trees and always dying. There is no thin o- bleak as 
our winter ; there is no fresh, universal thrifty green like our June. 

Dr. Steere saw some large trees now and then six to seven feet in diameter • 
one grove of Brazil nut trees three feet through and trunks eighty feet high on 
the Upper Paru river. They stood as thick as sugar maples stand in some 
parts of our State. All the valuable and fragrant woods he noticed have only a 
very small heart (the only valuable part) surrounded by an immense growth of 
sap wood of no value. The best of the timber in this State for boards and hew- 
ing grows thick and tall and straight, usually much of it good and of a few 
kinds on a single acre. Where the soil is not favorable, the trees are more scat- 
tering, broader, crooked, and less valuable. 

A THOEOUGH SURVEY OF THE STATE 

in reference to its trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, with some fine illustra- 
tions, would be of great interest and value in many respects. This has been 
strongly impressed upon my mind more especially while engaged in making a 
collection for the centennial. The timber which is large or most valuable has 
already been cut away in many of the older parts of the State. While facts can 
be easily obtained of the older settlers in reference to the trees, they should be 
collected and recorded by text and maps and other means. Such a work well 
done would not only interest men of science, but farmers, mechanics, nursery- 
men, all classes of intelligent persons. Massachusetts has a good report of two 
volumes lately revised for a second edition. 

THE DIFFICULTIES OF COLLECTING 

good specimens of such a great variety of trees and shrubs in so short a time with 
no money to pay for them have been very great. Many of the specimens are 
not known by any one. but a good botanist. Every body was asked through the 
State press to give information and to help about making a collection. The 
invitation was so general, and the people so numerous that nearly all waited for 
others. Many who replied very generously offered valuable aid in getting fine 
specimens, but when asked, most of these gave the matter no further attention 
or found some good excuse for not complying with the request. Some were very 
slow. In many places the roads were very bad nearly all winter. After being 
offered specimens, then asking for them, and again being assured they would 
certainly be sent, and then several letters written to hurry up and encourage the 
person, I often found as the time approached for the specimens to be ready that 
1 must go without them or get them from some other source. 

A large specimen often proved hollow or rotten and worthless, or the owner 
had sold the place and the new proprietor wasn't patriotic. 

One promises to get forest seeds. He gets them, but when too late to get 
them from other sources, they are spoiled by some accident. 

One man offers, without price, a nice apple tree which blew over the summer 
previous He is asked for it, and replies, "I could receive from ten to twelve 
dollars lor it for turning purposes. tfow if you will, or can through your 
influence and business, assist me to get a pass to the Centennial, I will ship you 
the tree. Let me hear from you soon." 

Another man is sure he can get a nice ailanthus, but it is not on his place, 
lie tries but the man's wife doesn't want to spare it. He was sorry he had 
said anything about furnishing the tree. So was I. 

A Kentucky coffee tree was promised, as the owner had two nice ones. When 
aspect, aiter some delay, he finds another man who is willing to furnish a tree, 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 13 

which, fortunately, he is prompt to do. All kinds of inquiries were made by 
letter.' I mention one, "what would be the prospect for making money at the 
Centennial by a brass band made up of nine brothers?" 
But there was 

A BRIGHT SIDE 

to the labor of making the collection. It gave the writer an opportunity to 
learn more about the flora of our State, which so abounds in interesting things. 

Quite a number of men deserve especial mention for their sacrifice and prompt 
response to a call for specimens. > 

L. H. Foster, Ludington, deserves great credit for supplying eight hue birch 
logs of three species ; also logs of white spruce, mountain ash, and others. 

Hosea Cox, of Schoolcraft, with no delay went fifteen miles and obtained at 
his own expense a large red cedar log for the Centennial. 

S. Alexander, of Birmingham, deserves mention here for promptness m send- 
ing valuable blocks of willows and oaks. 

Mr. C. E. Sumner, of Monroe Co., also furnished at considerable trouble and 
expense several fine specimens. 

Joseph Bristol, of Almont, furnished the largest tree, a Cottonwood, which 

was costly to handle. 

Israel Pennington and son were very self-sacrificing in going a long way in 
muddy time to deliver, without charge, trunks of nice trees set for ornament on 

their own place years before. ■,-.,* 

Warren Brown, of Flint, was one of the first to respond to the call by fur- 
nishing the huge knot referred to in another place. 

Mr. George Rowell employed ten men to help get the twin beeches down and 

to the railroad. 

A. B. Wetherbee, Cass Co., delivered at the railroad with very short notice 
the choice sample of oak containing the buck's horn. 

Hon. 0. M. Barnes, of Lansing, was very prompt in furnishing whatever was 
asked along the Jackson, Lansing & Saginaw Railroad. 

Perhaps others deserve especial notice for promptness and work in this good 
cause, but space hardly permits a special notice of every person. 

Most of the specimens of trees and shrubs were collected and prepared at the 
expense of the Agricultural College. 

Especial mention is due to the officers of the Flint & Pere Marquette Railway 
for granting free transit for myself and for specimens which were collected 
along their railroad. 

The same acknowledgment should here be made to the officers ot the Michi- 
gan Central Eailway and all their leased lines, to Detroit, Lansing & Lake Mich- 
igan Railway, and to the officers of the Detroit & Milwaukee Railway, and the 
Grand Rapids & Indiana Railway, and Chicago & Lake Huron Railway. 



14 



CATALOGUE OF PKODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 



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48 



CATALOGUE OF PKODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 





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^^l0Ot^00GlOOOOOOOOOOiHrHrH-HrHi^r-^]^^H-^<^C^(?q^C^<T<l( , NCqC<lC^ 
OCiClCiCiCiClOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 

OOOQfflaQrtHHrlriHriHHHriHHHHHHriHrirlriHHHHHHrliH 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 



49 





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ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 

rtHrlriHrtHHHHHHHHHHrlrlHHHHHnrlHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 



50 



CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 



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rHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHpHrHTHrHrHrHrHrHrMrHrHrHi—l 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 
LIST OF SPECIMENS— GRASSES— Continued. 



51 



LATIN NAME. 



Agrostis perennis. 
" scabra... 



spica venti.. 
stolonifera... 
vulgaris, var. 



Briza 
Cinna 



Avena flavescens . ,. 

" hirsuta 

" sativa 

Andropogon sorghum 

" furcatus 

" scoparius 

Anthoxanthurn odorabum 

Arrhenatherum bulbosum 

Alopecurus aristulatus 

" pratensis 

JEgilops cylindracea 

" ovata 

Bromus Kalmii. _ _ 

" sterilis 

" r.iacrostachys 

" vadritentis. 

" erectus 

" mascinus 

" secalinus... 

" Schraderi 

ciliatus 

maxima 

arundinaceal 

Chloris radiata. 

Corynephoris canescens 

Ca lamagrostis Canadens is.. . 

Danthonia spicata 

Dactylis glomerata 

Eleusine corocana.. _ 

Elymus Europeus 

" canadensis 

" Virginicus .. 

" striatus 

Eatonia Pennsylvania 

-' obtusata 

Eragrostispoceoid.es, var. megastachya. 

Eestuca Ha llerii 

" heterophylla. 

" ovina 

" nutans 

" glaucescens. 

"' rubra 

" duriuscxd.a 

" divaicata. 

" viride 

" cynosuioides. 

" elatior 

Glycera nervata 

" fluituns 

" aquatica. 

Gymnostichum hystrix 

Hordeum maratimum. _ 

" jubatum 



Common Name. 



Thin grass 

Hair " 

Spreading wi n cl grass... 
Creeping bent " ... 
Rhode Island bent grass. 

Red-top 

Yellow oat grass 

Fairy oat grass.. 

Oats 

Sorghum 

Beard grass 



Sweet-scented vernal grass. 

Oat-like grass 

Wild fox-tail. 
Meadow fox-tail. 



Wild chess 

Barren broom-grass. 
Broom-grass 



Upright oat-grass. 



Chess (in wheat-fields) 

Schruder's bromus 

Wild chess 

Quaking grass 

Wood reed grass 



Gray club grass 

Blue joint. 

Old fog — wild oat-grass. 

Orchard grass 



Wild rye. 



Holler's fescue. 
Sheep's fescue. 



Purple fescue. 
Hard " 

Green " 

Meadow " 

Fowl meadow grass. 

Reed " " . 

Bottle brush grass... 

Sea-side barley 

Wild barley 



Habitat. 



North America. 
Europe. 

North America. 

it « 

Europe. 



Old world. 
North America. 



Europe. 
Europe. 

u 

North America. 
Europe. 



Europe. 



North America. 

Europe. 

North America. 

Europe. 

North America. 

Europe. 

Japan. 

Europe. 

North America. 



Europe. 



Europe. 

North America. 



North America. 



Europe. 

North America. 



52 



CATALOGUE OF PKODUCTS OF MICHIGAN' 
LIST OF SPECIMENS— GEASSES— Continued. 



LATIN NAME. 



Ho leus lanatus 

Kelerea glauca. 
" vohscia. 

Leersia oryzoid.es 

Lo Hum Italicum 

" perenne 

Muhlenbergia glomerata 

" sylvatica 

Oryzopsis canadensis_ 

Poa vitellina 

" trivialis 

" nemoralis 

" alpina 

" pratensis 

" compressa 

Phleum pratensis 

Phalaris arundinacea picta. 
"' ccerulescens. 

" arundinacea 

Paspalum elegans. 

Panicum capillar e 

" sanguinale. 



" Germanicum . 

" latifolium 

" virgatum 

" clandestinum. 

" cms galli 

Spartina cynosuroides . . 

Setaria verticillata 

" viridis 

1 glauca 

" macra cheta. 

Secale cereale 

Sorghum nutans. 

Triticum imbricatum. . . 
" violacceum 

44 



Common Name. 



Meadow soft grass. 



Rice cut-grass. 



Italian rye-grass. 
Ray, rye-grass, darnel. 



Wild rice. 



Rough meadow-grass 

Wood " " 

Alpine " " 

June grass, Ky. blue-grass. 



Wire grass. 



Timothy, herd's grass. 
Ribbon grass 

Ribbon grass 

Hair grass 

Finger grass 



Millet 

Broad-leaved panicum. 



Barn-yard grass. 
Cord grass 



Green fox-tail. 
Fox-tail 



Rye 

Indian grass. 



Kansas grass. 
Spring vetch. 



Vicia sativa 

Three bunches of pop-corn — Esselstvn & Co., Lansing. 
" " " " — J. J. Sidway, 

" " " " — Agricultural College, Lansing. 



Habitat. 



Europe. 



North America. 

Europe. 

North America. 



Europe. 

44 
44 
44 

Europe & N. A. 
North America. 
North America. 
Europe. 

44 

Colorado. 

Europe. 

North America. 

44 44 

44 44 

Europe. 
North America 
Europe. 



Europe. 

North America. 

North America. 

44 44 



OF THE BEAUTY OF OUR FORESTS 

I may say but little at this time. The full beauty is best appreciated by the 
student who knows and studies each one as friend talks to friend. To enjoy 
the full beauties of our forest scenery, it is necessary that one should possess a 
good knowledge of botany, landscape gardening, and to know something of 
drawing and painting. To such a person, a trip through the forests is a per- 
petual delight, which cannot be understood by the uninitiated. The mixtures 
of evergreens and deciduous-leaved trees, the shrubs, the autumn tints, the 
streams, the hills and valleys, our beautiful lakes with the different seasons of 
the year, and different phases of the weather, lend a perpetual charm and fresh- 
ness to our Michigan woodlands. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 



53 



CATALOGUE 

OF SPECIMENS, LAKE SUPERIOR COPPER AND IRON, UPPER PENIN- 
SULA, MICHIGAN. 



c3 i 




O £ 


CLASS 100. 


+3 S 








1 


1 


4 


Native metallic copper, chips from masses, Minesota Mine, 
Ontonagon Co. 


2 


la 


1 


Native metallic copper, small mass, Pewabic Belt, Qui ncy 
Mine, Houghton Co. 


3 


2 


2 


Native metallic copper and silver, Minesota Mine, Ontona- 
gon Co. 


4 


2a 


2 


Native metallic copper, silver, and green carbonate, Onton- 
agon Co. 


5 


3 


1 Lot. 


Native metallic copper, crystallized, Fissure veins, Kewee- 
naw Co. 


6 


3a 


1 


Native metallic copper, crystallized, Minesota Mine, Onton- 
agon Co. 


7 


3b 


1 


Native metallic copper, crystallized, Ridge Mine, Ontona- 
gon Co. 


8 


3c 


1 


Native metallic copper, crystallized, Copper Falls Mine, 
Keweenaw Co.; cabinet A. P. Thomas, Esq. 


9 


4 


1 


Native metallic copper, crystallized, with black oxide, Ke- 
weenaw Co. 


10 


5 


1 


Native metallic copper, crystallized, with black oxide and 
spar, Keweenaw Co. 


11 


5b 


1 


Native metallic copper, crystallized, with spar, from Ridge 
Mine, Ontonagon Co. 


12 


5a 


1 


Native metallic copper, silver and calc-spar, from Ridge 
Mine, Ontonagon Co. 


13 


2b 


2 


Native metallic copper and silver, cabinet of Mr. Harris. 


14 


6c 


1 


Epidote and dog tooth spar, from Ridge Mine, Ontonagon 

Co. 
Dog tooth spar, from Ridge Mine, Ontonagon Co. 


15 


6 


1 


16 


6a 


1 


Native copper, in spar crystals, from Ridge Mine, Onton- 
agon Co. 


17 


6b 


1 


Native copper and silver, from Ridge Mine, Ontonagon Co. 


18 


6cl 


1 


Native copper, vug with spar, from Ridge Mine, Onton- 
agon Co. 


19 


6e 


2 


Native copper, in spar crystals, from National Mine, Onton- 
agon Co.; cabinet Dr. Overfield. 


20 


6f 


3 


Native copjjer, in spar crystals, Ontonagon Co.; cabinet 
of Mr. Sales. 


21 


6g 


37 


Native metallic copper, crystallized, Keweenaw and Onton- 
agon counties ; cabinet of Hon. Jay A. Hubbell. 



54 



CATALOGUE OF PKODUCTS OF MICHIGAN- 
CATALOGUE— Continued. 



Catalogue 
Number. 


03 03 

.5 g 

03 .P 

CO 


22 


7 


23 


8 


24 


9 


25 


10 


26 


10a 


27 


9e 



28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 
43 

44 




9a 
9d 
9b 
9c 

10b 
9f 
9f 

11 

11a 
2c 



3g 



9g 



lOe 
15 

16.' 

lOp 

3c 



45 


17 


46 


17a 


47 


17b 


48 
49 


18 
5d 


50 


5e 


51 


5f 



1 

1 

Lot. 
4 
2 
2 
3 
3 
1 
1 
2 
1 
11 
1 
1 
2 

4 
1 
1 

2 

1 
Lot. 



CLASS 100. 



Underlaying rock of Pewabic Belt, Quincy Mine, Houghton 

Co. 
Overlaying rock of Pewabic Belt, Quincy Mine, Houghton 

Co. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid rock, Pewabic Belt, Quincy 

Mine. 
Vugs, with crystallized copper, Pewabic Belt, Quincy 

Mine. 
Vugs, with crystals of spar containing native copper, 

Pewabic Belt, Quincy Mine. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid with spar, Pewabic Belt, 

Quincy Mine. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid, Pewabic Belt, Franklin and 

Pewabic Mine, Houghton Co. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid and epidote, Pewabic Belt 

(lode), Franklin and Pewabic Mine. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid with crystals of copper, Frank- 
lin and Pewabic Mine. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid with native sheet copper, 

Franklin and Pewabic Mine. 
Vugs, with crystals of spar and copper, Franklin and 

Pewabic Mine. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid, South Pewabic lode, Atlantic 

Mine, Houghton Co. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid, South Pewabic lode, Atlantic 

Mine. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid, Isle Royale lode, Houghton 

Mine. 
Copper-beari ng amygdaloid, Isle Royale lode, Concord Mine, 

Houghton Co. 
Native metallic copper and silver, Ontonagon Co.; cabinet 

of Mr. T. W. Edwards. 
Native metallic copper crystallized, Keweenaw Co.; cabinet 

of Mr. T. W. Edwards. * 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid, crystals of copper on epidote, 

Franklin Mine; cabinet of T. W. Edwards. 
Vug copper-bearing amygdaloid, Pewabic lode ; cabinet 

of Mr. T. W. Edwards. 
Crystallized copper and quartz, Ontonagon Co.; cabinet of 

Mr. T. W. Edwards. 
Native metallic copper in spar; cab. of Hon. Jay A. Hubbell. 
Vugs native metal copper, Ontonagon and Keweenaw 

counties ; cabinet of Hon. Jay A. Hubbell. 
Native metallic copper crystallized, Fissure vein, Copper 

Falls Mine, Keweenaw Co. (Donated to Smithsonian 

Institute.) 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid, Ashbed lode, Copper Falls 

Mine, Keweenaw Co. 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid^with crystals of calcite, Ash- 
bed lode, Copper Falls Mine. 
Overlaying trap (hanging wall) of Ashbed, Copper Falls 

Mine. 
Vein rock (gangue) fissure vein, Copper Falls Mine. 
Native metallic copper and silver on epidotic trap; cabi- 
net of Mr. Harris. 
Native metallic copper, — silver and calc-spar; cab. of Mr. 

Harris. 
Native metallic silver; cabinet of Mr. Harris. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 



55 



CATALOGUE— Continued. 



2^ 

03 £ 
aft 

o 


■is 


<H TO 
© Pi 

u a> 
ft£ 


52 


3d 


1 


53 


2 


1 


54. 


13 


1 


55 


10c 


1 


56 
57 


5g 
lOd 


1 
1 


58 


3e 


1 


59 


3f 


1 


GO 


21 


Lot. 


Gl 


22 
23 




G2 


2 


G3 


24 


1 


64 


21a 


3 


G5 


lc 
1 
12 




66 




67 


2 and Lot. 


68 


12a 


Lot. 


69 


39 
40 
41 




70 




71 


4 


72 


*57c 


Lot*57 


. 73 


12c 


Lot. 


74 


19 


Lot. 


75 


27 


Lot. 


76 


14c 
60 




77 


2 


78 


60a 


1 


79 


60b 


1 


80 


61 


2 


81 


20 


G 


82 


69 


1 


83 


70 


Lot. 


84 


71 


Lot, 


S5 


68 




86 


1 


87 


5i 

29 




88 


1 


89 


3i 


2 


90 


2d 


1 


91 


5h 


3 



CLASS 100, 



Native metallic copper crystallized; cabinet of Mr. Harris. 
Native metallic copper with green carbonate; cabinet of 

Mr. Harris. 
Keel oxide of copper; cabinet of Mr. Harris. 
Vug of crystallized copper and spar; cab. of Mr. Harris. 
Native metallic silver and spar, Keweenaw Co. 
Native metallic copper and spar, Keweenaw Co. 
Native metallic copper crystallized, Ontonagon Co.; cabinet 

of Mr. Sales. 
Native metallic copper crystallized, Ontonagon Co.; cabinet 

of Mr. K. Sheldon. 
Vein rock, National Mine, fissure vein, Ontonagon. 
Overlaying trap (hanging wall), fissure vein, National 

Mine, Ontonagon Co. 
From 40 feet thick conglomerate underlaying or foot wall, 

Fissure vein, National Mine, Ontonagon Co. 
From 40 feet thick conglomerate underlaying or foot wall, 

Fissure vein, National Mine, Ontonagon Co. 
Vein rock (gangue), with green carbonate, fissure vein, 

National Mine, Ontonagon Co. 
Native metallic copper nugget, from 550 ton mass,Minesota 

Mine, Ontonagon Co. 
Phrenite with crystals of quartz and copper; cabinet of 

Mr. Sales, Ontonagon' Co. 
Copper-bearing conglomerate, Calumet and Heel a lode, 

Calumet and Hecla Mine, Houghton Co/ 
Copper-bearing amygdaloid overlaying Calumet conglom- 
erate. 
Trap rock overlaying Calumet and Hecla conglomerate. 
Copper-bearing sandstone, Calumet and Hecla Mine. 
Ripple-marked sandstone, from Calumet and Hecla Mine. 
Native metallic sheet copper, from Calumet and Hecla Mine. 
Calumet and Hecla conglomerate, Schoolcraft Mine, 

Houghton Co. 
Calumet and Hecla conglomerate, Osceola Mine, Houghton 

Co. 
Allouez copper-bearing conglomerate, Allouez lode, Allouez 

Mine, Keweenaw Co. 
Conglomerate and malachite, Allouez Mine. 
Albany and Boston copper-bearing conglomerate, Albany 

and Boston Mine, Houghton Co. 
Trap rock overlaying Albany and Boston conglomerate. 
Foot wall underlaying Albany and Boston conglomerate. 
Kearsarge copper-bearing conglomerate, Keweenaw Co. 
Island Mine copper-bearing conglomerate, Isle Royale. 
Native metallic copper, Cliff Mine, Keweenaw CO. 
Vein rock, Fissure a vein, Cliff Mine, Keweenaw Co. 
Vein rock, Fissure vein, Phoenix Mine, Keweenaw Co. 
Native metallic float copper, Douglass location, Houghton 

Co. 
Native metallic copper crystallized ; cab. of Johnson Vivian. 
Native metallic silver crystallized; cab. of CD. Sheldon. 
Native metallic copper with quartz and spar crystals; cab- 
inet of A. J. Corey. 
Native metallic copper crystallized; cabinet of A. J.. Corey. 
Native metallic copper and silver; cabinet of A. J. Corey. 
Native metallic silver; cabinet of A. J. Corey. 



56 



CATALOGUE OF PEODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 
CATALOGUE— Continued. 



2^ 

fcOO 




CD g 




-20 


•5 g 


go 


CLASS 100. 


8* 


CO 


£co 




92 


30 


1 


Copper-bearing epidote, Ontonagon Co.; cabinet of A. J. 
Corey. 


93 


31 


1 


Native metalic copper crystallized, and spar; cabinet of A. 
J. Corey. 


94 


32 


1 


Heavy spar with quartz crystals; cabinet of A. J. Corey. 


95 


33 


1 


Sugar spar and copper in spar crystals ; cab. of A. J. Corey. 


96 


34a 


2 


Phrenite, with native metallic copper crystals; cabinet of 
A. J. Corey. 


97 


34b 


3 


Phrenite, with native metallic copper crystals ; cabinet of 
A. J. Corey. 


98 


34c 


1 


Phrenite, with native metallic copper and spar; cabinet of 
A. J. Corey. 


99 


35 


2 


Datholite, Quincy Mine ; cabinet A. J. Corey. 


100 


6h 


3 


Native metalic copper in spar crystals, Quincy Mine ; cabi- 
net of A. J. Corey. 


101 


44 


1 


Kose spar, Evergreen Mine, Ontonagon Co.; cabinet of A. 
J. Corey. 


102 


45 


1 


Spar encasing quartz crystals; cabinet of A. J. Corey. 


103 


51a 


2 


Smoky spar ; cabinet of A. J. Corey. 


104 


30a 


1 


Copper-bearing epidote; cabinet of T. W. Edwards. 


105 


47 


1 


Calc-spar, Ontonagon Co. 


106 


48 


1 


Quartz crystals and phrenite, Quincy Mine, Houghton Co. 


107 


50 


2 


Quartz and spar, Houghton Co. 


108 


51 


2 


Smoky spar, Houghton Co. 


109 


49 


1 


Native copper crystallized, black oxide and phrenite. 


110 


13b 


Lot. 


Ked oxide copper, Ontonagon Co. 


111 


13c 


Lot. 


Brick copper, Ontonagon Co. 


112 


14b 


1 


Malachite, Allouez Mine ; cabinet of John Chassell. 


113 


53 


1 


Sugar-spar, calc-spar, and epidote. 


114 


55 


1 


Sugar-spar and calc-spar. 


115 


54 


2 


Moss copper; cabinet of Hon. Jay A. Hubbell. 


116 






Moss copper ; cabinet of Mr. Meads, Marquette. 


117 


14 


2 


Malachite, Allouez Mine ; cabinet E. Sheldon. 


118 


14a 




Malachite, Allouez Mine. 


119 


35 a 


2 


Datholite, Franklin Mine. 


120 


35b 


2 


Datholite, Quincy Mine. 


121 


67 


1 


Tabular-spar. 


122 


41 


Lot. 


Vein rock, silver veins, Iron Eiver district, Ontonagon Co. 


123 


42 


' Lot. 


Hanging wall rock, silver veins, Iron Eiver district, Onton- 
agon Co. 


124 


43 


Lot. 


Foot wall rock, silver veins, Iron Eiver district, Ontonagon 

Co. 
Copper-bearing sandstone, Carp Lake, Ontonagon Co. 


125 


57 


4 


126 


12b 


1 


Calumet and Hecla conglomerate, polished; cabinet of E. 
Sheldon. 


127 


13a 


1 


Eed oxide copper; cabinet of E. Sheldon. 


128 


25 


Lot. 


Copper ore, gray sulphuret, Mendota Mine, Lac la Belle, 
Keweenaw Co. 


129 


36 


Lot, 


Arsenate of copper Houghton Co. 


130 


37 


1 


Scapolitc, National Mine. 


131 


28 


1 


Spar crystals ; cabinet of A. J. Corey. 


132 


26 


2 


Copper-bearing sandstone, Nonesuch Mine, Iron Eiver dis- 
trict, Ontonagon Co. 


133 


58 


Lot. 


Ancient copper tools ; cabinet of Mr. John Chassell. 


134 


58a 


Lot. 


Ancient copper tools ; cabinet of Mr. C. D. Sheldon. 


135 


46 




Stone hammers. 


136 




Stone axe; cabinet of James Eeid. 











AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 



57 



CATALOGUE— Continued. 



2tl 


n u 








<D CD 


fH 0) 




l a 


ig 




CLASS 100. 


C5 r- 


CO 


5 2 




137 


61 




Geological section of trap range crossing at Calumet Mine. 


138 


64 




Agates, Lake Superior. 


139 


65 
Id 




Chlorastrolites, Lake Superior. 


140 


4 


Native metallic copper stampwork, Calumet and Hecla Mine. 


141 


lb 


5 


Native metallic copper tailing sands, Calumet and Hecla 
Mine. 


142 


If 


4 


Native metallic copper stampwork, Franklin and Pewabic 
Mines. 


143 


lg 


4 


Native metallic copper stampwork, Osceola Mine. 


144 


Hi 


4 


Native metallic copper stampwork, Allouez Mine. 


145 


6j 


1 


Native metallic silver stampwork, Osceola Mine. 


146 


63 


1 


Native metallic silver and copper stampwork, Osceola Mine. 


147 


88 


1 


Native metallic silver and copper in vein matter, Copper 
Falls Mine, Keweenaw Co.; cabinet of B. F. Emerson. 


148 


89 


1 


Native metallic silver and copper in vein matter, Copper 
Falls Mine, Keweenaw Co.; cabinet of B. F. Emerson. 


149 


90 


1 


Calcite crystal with native metalic copper; cabinet of B. 
F. Emerson. 


150 


91 


1 


Native metallic copper in vein matter (brick copper), Cop- 
per Falls Mine, Keweenaw Co.; cabinet of B. F. Emerson. 


151 


92 


1 


Miniature set of miners' tools made of native metalic silver 
and copx^er ; cabinet of B. F. Emerson. 


152 




1 


Mass native metallic copper, mined by ancient miners (pre- 
historic races, Menong Mine, Isle Koyale. 


153 




1 


Mass native metallic copper, from 70-ton mass, Central 
Mine, Keweenaw Co. 


154 




Lot. 


Native metallic copper, fissure veins, Amygdaloid Mine, Ke- 
weenaw Co. 


155 




Lot. 


Vein rock, fissure veins, Amygdaloid Mine. 


156 




Lot. 


Copper bearing, Amygdaloid Delaware Mine, Keweenaw 
County. 


157 






Maps of Geological Survey of Michigan, by Brooks and 
Pumpelly, 1869-73. 








158 






Geological map Upper Peninsula of Michigan, by G. Gaujot, 
1876. 









58 



CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 
CATALOGUE— Continued. 



II 

O 1 ^ 


o S 

1 

la 
lb 

1c 
Id 

le 


B ° 


CLASS 112. 


1 

2 


3 


Copper in ingot from Detroit & Lake Superior Smelting 

Works. 
Cake copper, Detroit & Lake Superior Smelting Works. 
Bar copper, Detroit & Lake Sunerior Smelting Works. 


3 




4 




Pig copper, Detroit & Lake Superior Smelting Works. 
Feathered copper, Detroit & Lake Superior Smelting 

Works. 
Straw copper, Detroit & Lake Superior Smelting Works. 
Rolled copper, Houghton Rolling Mill. 


5 




6 




7 




8 






Rolled and pressed copper, Houghton Rolling Mill. 


6 
10 


3 

3a 
3b 

3c 

3d 


Lot. 


Reverberatoiy slags, Detroit c^ Lake Superior Smelting 
Works. 

Cupola slags, Detroit & Lake Superior Smelting Works. 

Reverberatoiy slags from grey sulphuret ore, Lac la Belle 
Smelting Works. 

Matt slags from grey sulphuret ore, Lac la Belle Smelting 
Works. 

Cupola slags from grey sulphuret ore, Lac la Belle Smelt- 
ing Works. 


11 




12 




13 









AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 59 



IRON COLLECTIONS. 



FEOM MARQUETTE IEON DISTEICT, UPPEE PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN. 



COLLECTED AND CLASSIFIED BY CHAS. E. WRIGHT, MARQUETTE, MICHIGAN. 
No. Mixes. 

1 Cleveland, Specular slate ore. 

2 " Specular slate ore, holds marlite. 

3 " Specular slate ore, holds marlite. 

4 " Banded Jasper. 

5 Barnum No. 1 Pit, Mixed specular ore. 

6 " No. 2 Pit, Specular slate ore. 

7 " No. 3 Pit, Granular specular ore. 

8 Saginaw, Fine granular specular ore. 

9 " Specular slate ore. 

10 " Specular slate ore. 

11 " Botrjoidal and Velvety brown iron ore. 

12 " Brown Grape ore (Limotil). 

13 Lake Superior, Specular slate ore. 

14 " Specular slate ore. 

15 " Specular slate ore. 

16 " Specular slate ore. 

1? Spurr Mountain granular magnetic ore. 

18 " Mountain granular magnetic ore. 

19 Washington, Granular magnetic ore. 

20 Kloman, Micaceous specular ore. 

21 Jackson, Specular slate ore. 

22 " Specular slate ore. 

23 " Specular slate ore. 

24 " Specular slate ore. 

25 " Hard specular slate ore. 

26 " Granular specular slate ore. 

27 " Granular specular slate ore. 

28 " Brown iron ore. 

29 " Soft Hematite. 

30 , " Manganiferous brown iron ore. 



60 CATALOGUE OF PKODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 

No. Mines. 

31 New York, Specular slate ore. 

32 " Hard hematite ore. 

33 " Hard specular ore. 

34 " Specular slate ore. 

35 " Specular micaceous ore. 

36 Lake Angeline, Specular ore. 

37 " Specular ore. 

38 " * Specular ore. 

39 " Soft hematite. 

40 " Soft hematite. 

41 Champion, Micaceous specular slate ore. 

42 " Granular magnetic ore. 

43 " Granular magnetic ore. 

44 " Micaceous specular slate ore. 

45 " Micaceous specular slate ore. 

46 Michigammi, Steely magnetic ore. 

47 " Granular magnetic ore. 

48 Kepublic, Micaceous specular slate ore. 

49 " Micaceous specular slate ore. 
.50 " Micaceous specular slate ore. 

51 " Micaceous specular slate ore. 

52 " Granular magnetic ore. 

53 u Granular magnetic ore. 

54 Iron Mountain, Manganiferous brown iron ore. 

55 " Mansfaniferous brown iron ore. 



56 Lake Superior, 

57 



Brown grape ore. 
Brown grape ore. 

58 , B. Curtis' Brown grape ore. 

59 " i Collection. Brown grape ore. 

60 " Specular micaceous iron ore. 

61 " J Brown grape ore. 

62 " ~] Brown grape ore. 

63 " t i t -o ? Brown grape ore. 
OA ( , John L. Bray s -d to 1 

64 \ Collection Brown grape ore. 
o " Brown grape ore. 

66 " J Velvety brown iron ore. 

67 Champion, 

68 "■ Talcose schist. 

69 " Talcose schist. 

70 " Gray quartzite. 
•71 " Chloritic schist. 

72 " Talcose quartzite. 

73 " Garnetiferous rock. 

74 Spur, Garnetiferous rock. 

75 Magnetic, Steely magnetic ore. 

76 " Steely magnetic ore. 

77 ■ " Argentiferous Galena. 

Hon. Edward Breiiing' 's Collection: 

78 Brown grape ore. 

79 Brown grape ore. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 61 

No. 

80 Brown grape ore. 

81 Brown grape ore. 

82 Brown grape ore. 

83 Brown grape ore. 

84 Brown grape ore. 

85 Brown grape ore. 

86 Brown grape ore. 

87 Velvety brown iron ore. 

88 Manganiferous brown iron ore. 

89 Manganiferous brown iron ore. 

90 Manganiferous brown iron ore. 

91 Manganiferous brown iron ore. 

92 Manganiferous ore. 

93 Manganiferous ore. 

94 Manganiferous ore. 

95 Manganiferous ore. 

96 Manganiferous ore. 

97 Manganiferous ore. 

98 Manganiferous ore. 

99 Manganiferous ore. 

100 Manganiferous ore. 

101 Manganiferous ore. 

102 Manganiferous ore. 
No. Mines. 

103 Kolling Mill, Brown pipe ore. 

104 Edwards, Fine granular magnetic ore. 

105 " Fine granular magnetic ore. 

106 " Specular slate ore. 

107 " Specular slate ore. 

108 Kolling Mill, Brown grape ore. 

109 Boiling Mill Furnace, A No. 1 Bessemer pig iron. 

110 " "A No. 1 Bessemer pig iron. 

111 " " A No. 1 Bessemer pig iron. 

112 il " A No. 1 Bessemer pig iron. 

113 Ishpeming Peat. 
114 

115 " " & 

116 

117 

118 Burt Free Sand Stone Co., Marquette, L. S. 

119 Brown Stone, Isle Boyal, Noble and Brady. 

120 Bog Iron ore, Birmingham, Noble and Brady. 

121 Clays for Pottery and Brick and Tile, Brady. 



62 CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 



MANUFACTURED IRON FROM WYANDOTTE ROLLING MILLS, WYAN- 
DOTTE, WAYNE CO., MICH., FROM LAKE SUPERIOR ORES. 



NO. 

1. 3 -inch round L. S., bent cold. 

2. 4-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

3. 3 -inch square L. S., bent cold. 

4. 2x|-inch L. S., bent cold and hot. 

5. f-inch square L. S., bent cold and hot. 

6. 1-inch square L. S., bent cold and hot. 

7. lxj-inch L. S., bent cold and hot. 

8. lx^-inch L. S., bent cold and hot. 

9. f-inch square L. S., bent cold and hot. 

10. 1-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

11. f-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

12. f-inch round L. S., bent cold and hot. 

13. f-inch round L. S., bent cold and hot. 

14. ■J-incli round L. S., bent cold and hot. 

15. f-inch square L. S., bent cold. 

16. 5-16-inch square L. S., bent cold. 

17. 2J-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

18. 1-J-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

19. If -inch round L. S., bent cold. 

20. lf-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

21. f-inch round L. S., bent cold and hot. 

22. f-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

23. f-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

24. f-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

25. f-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

26. f-inch round L. S., bent cold. 

27. 2 Jxf -inches L. S., bent cold and hot. 
•28. 1-inch square L. S., bent cold. 

29. 2fxl-inch L. S., bent cold. 

30. Fire-Box B. P., Wyandotte, T. S. 60,000 lbs. 

31. Extra Flange B. P., Wyandotte, T. S. 60,000 lbs. 

32. Extra 'Flange B. P., Wyandotte, T. S. 60,000 lbs. 

33. Extra Flange B. P., Wyandotte, T. S. 60,000 lbs. 

34. O. H. 1-inch B. P., Wyandotte, T. S. 60,000 lbs. 

35. O. H. Shell B. P., Wyandotte, T. S. 55,000 lbs. 

36. O. H. Shell B. P., Wyandotte, T. S. 55,000 lbs. 

37. O. H. Shell B. P.," Wyandotte, T. S. 55,000 lbs. 

38. O. Rolled B. P., Wyandotte, T. S. . 

39. f-inch square Wyandotte Swedes, T. S. 15,625 lbs. ; elongation If -inch. 

40. f-inch square Wyandotte Swedes. 

41. 1-inch L. S. Chain, T. S. 74,000 lbs. 

42. li|-mch L. S. Chain, T. S. 86,675 lbs. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 63 



NO. 



43. l^-inch L. S. Chain. 

44. J-inch L. S. Chain. 

45. 9-16-inch L. S. Chain, T. S. 20,000 lbs. 

46. 5-16-inch Bessemer Steel Chain, T. S. 5,825 lbs. 

47. 7-16-inch Bessemer Steel Chain, T. S. 12,250 lbs. 

48. f-inch Bessemer Steel Chain, T. S. 16,625 lbs. 

49. 2x|--inch Wyandotte Norway, bent cold. 

50. 2x^-inch Wyandotte Norway, bent cold. 

51. 1^-inch square Wyandotte Norway, bent cold. 

52. f -inch square Wyandotte Norway, bent cold. 

53. l-|x^--inch Wyandotte Norway, bent cold and hot. 

54. -f-inch square Wyandotte Norway, bent cold and hot. 

55. f-inch square Wyandotte Swede, bent cold, polished. 

56. £-inch square Wyandotte Swede, bent cold. 

57. -l-inch square Wyandotte Swede, bent cold. 

58. £-inch square Wyandotte Swede, bent cold. 



64 CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 



SALT. 



DISTRICT NO. 1, EAST SAGINAW, MICHIGAN. 

FROM SEARS & HOLLAND. 

1 sample fine steam salt; 1 sample packers salt; 1 sample fine pan salt ; 1 
sample brine. 

FROM C. & E. TEN" EYCK. 

1 sample fine steam salt ; 1 sample brine. 

FROM EAST SAGINAW SALT MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 

1 sample solar salt; 1 sample brine, S. G. 1.177. 
1 case solar salt crystal. 

DISTRICT NO. 2, SAGINAW CITY, MICHIGAN. 
FROM BARNARD & BINDER. 

1 sample fine steam salt; 1 sample brine, S. G. 2.173. 

FROM PIERSON, WRIGHT & CO. 

1 sample fine steam salt ; 1 sample brine. 

DISTRICT NO. 3. CARROLLTON, MICHIGAN. 

II. P. LYON & CO., FLORENCE, MICH. 

1 sample fine pan salt; 1 sample brine, S. G. 1.173. 

T. JEROME & CO., CARROLLTON. 

1 sample fine pan salt ; 1 sample brine. 

DISTRICT NO. 4, ZILWAUKEE. 
RUST, EATON & CO., ZILWAUKIE. 

1 sample fine steam salt ; 1 sample brine. 

NEW YORK & MICHIGAN SOLAR SALT COMPANY, ZILWAUKIE. 

1 sample solar salt ; 1 sample brine. 

DISTRICT NO. 5, PORTSMOUTH, MICHIGAN. 

JOHN M'GRAW & CO., PORTSMOUTH, MICH. 

1 sample fine steam salt ; 1 sample fine steam dairy salt ; 1 sample brine. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 65 

DISTEICT NO. 6, BAY CITY, MICHIGAN. 

JOHN I'EWEN & CO. 

1 sample fine steam salt ; 1 sample brine. 

CHAPIN & BAEBEE. 

1 sample fine steam salt ; 1 sample brine. 

DOLSON, CHAPIN & bro., bay city, MICH. 
1 sample fine kettle salt. 

DISTRICT NO. 7, WENONA AND BANKS. 

KEYSTON SALT AND LUMBER COMPANY, WENONA. 

1 sample fine steam salt ; 1 sample brine. 

H. W. SAGE & CO., WENONA. 

1 sample fine steam salt ; 1 sample brine. 

KELLEY & CO., BAY CITY. 

1 specimen large salt crystals. 

DISTEICT NO 8, WHITE ROCK. 
THOMSON & BROTHER, WHITE ROCK. 

1 specimen fine pan salt; 1 specimen brine. 

DISTRICT NO. 9, EAST TAWAS, MICHIGAN. 

EAST TAWAS MILL COMPANY. 

1 sample fine steam salt; 1 sample packer's salt; 1 sample brine. 

ANALYSIS OF SALT BRINE, WHITE ROCK, HURON COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 

THOMSON & BRO. 

Sodium Chloride 18. 9102 

Calcium Chloride 0. 53 73 

Magnesia Chloride 0.4106 

Lime Sulphate 0. 2623 

Iron Oxide 0.0032 

Water _ 79.8764 

100.0000 
Specific gravity 1.1550 at 60° F. Salometer. 

9 



66 CATALOGUE OF PKODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 



ARCHEOLOGY. 



The growing interest which is felt in the Archaeology of our country, and the 
zeal shown by some of the States in forwarding antiquities to the Centennial 
exhibition, have been the inducements to send the small collection of relics 
from Michigan which we have catalogued. 

They are forwarded under the auspices of the Detroit Scientific Association, 
and though few compared with what might have been obtained, had the subject 
received earlier attention, will at least, in the way of comparison, add to the 
illustrations now being so diligently sought for, of the pre-historic age of 
America. 

RECEIVED FROM B. F. BUSH OF DETROIT. 
NO. 

1 Stone spade from Grand Eapids. 

2 Stone instrument from Shiawassee. 

3 Stone ornament from Bay county. 

4 Stone ornament from New Baltimore. 

5 Indian implement from Genesee county. 

6 Indian shuttle from Genesee county. 

7 Indian implement from Oakland county. 

8 Indian implement from Genesee county. 

9 War hatchet from Oakland county. 

10 Stone hatchet from Bay county. 

11 Stone hatchet from Bay county. 

12 Stone hatchet from Bay county. 

13 Stone pestle from Wayne county. 

14 Stone pestle from Bay county. 

15 Stone pestle from Bay county. 

16 Stone pestle from Bay county. 

17 Stone pestle from Lake Superior. 

18 Stone adze from Saginaw county. 

19 Stone axe from Saginaw county. 

20 Stone war hatchet found in the skull of an Indian, near Detro t. 

21 Stone hatchet from Lake Superior. 

22 Small stone hatchet from Genesee county. 

23 Small stone hatchet from Saginaw county. 

24 Small stone hatchet from Saginaw county. 

25 Small stone hatchet from Saginaw county, 

26 Stone celt from Saginaw county. 

27 Stone celt from Saginaw county, 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 67 

No. 

28 Stone celt from Saginaw comity. 

29 Stone celt from Saginaw county. 

30 Large stone celt from Bay county. 

31 Large stone celt from Bay county. 

32 Large stone celt from Bay county. 

33 Large stone celt from Kent county. 

34 Large stone celt from Bay county. 

35 Large stone celt from Genesee county. 

36 Stone gouge from Shiawassee county. 

37 Stone gouge from Bay county. 

38 Stone hammer from Bay county. 

39 Stone hammer from Bay county. 

40 Stone hammer from Bay county. 

41 Stone hammer from Shiawassee county. 

42 Stone pestle from Genesee county. 

43 Piece of pottery from a mound in Genesee county. 

44 Indian flute, bought of an Indian in Shiawassee county. 

45 Indian totem (lizard) from Charity Island, Saginaw Bay. 

46 Indian totem (otter) from a mound in Bay county. 

47 Indian totem (frog) from the battle ground in Bay county. 

48 Indian ornament from Bay county. 

49 Indian gorget from Bay county. 

.50 Long auger shape stem pipe from Lake Superior. 

51 Eed stone pipe from Genesee county. 

52 Brown stone pipe, ornamented, from Michigan. 

53 Black stone pipe from Michigan. 

54 Black stone pipe from Michigan. 

55 Grey stone pipe from Michigan. 

56 Small stone pipe from Michigan. 

57 Small stone pipe from Wayne county. 

RECEIVED FROM S. B. MANN", LENAWEE COUNTY. 

58 Stone celt from Lenawee county. 

RECEIVED FROM FRED. A. BEARD OE RUBY, ST. CLAIR CO., MICH. 

59 Stone celt from town of Kenosha, Michigan. 

60 Stone celt from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

61 Stone celt from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

62 Stone celt from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

63 Stone celt from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

64 Stone celt from Sanilac county, Michigan. 

65 Stone lance head from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

66 Stone celt from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

67 Stone celt from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

68 Stone celt from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

69 Stone celt from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

70 Stone celt from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

71 Stone axe from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

72 Stone axe from town of Clyde, Michigan. 



68 CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS OF MICHIGAN 

No. ' 

73 Stone axe from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

74 Stone hammer from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

75 to 104, both inclusive. Stone arrow heads, found in plowed fields, in the 
town of Clyde, St. Clair county, Michigan. 

105 Stone ornament from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

106 Stone ornament from town of Clyde, Michigan. 

107 Stone lance head, not known where found. 

108 Stone celt, not known where found. 

EECEIVED FROM THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF CORUNNA, II. C. 
BAGGERLY, SUP'T. OF UNION SCHOOLS. 

109 Stone pestle, plowed up one mile north of Corunna. 

110 Stone axe, plowed up in town of Vienna, Shiawassee county. 

FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE DETROIT SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION. 

111 Large stone celt from Michigan. 

112 Small stone celt from Michigan. 

113 Small stone hammer from Michigan. 

114 Coarse stone implement from Michigan. 

115 Stone plumb bob from Michigan. 

116 Stone war hatchet from Michigan. 

117 Fine stone ornament from Michigan, 

118 Stone spear point from Michigan. 

119 Stone spear point from Michigan. 

120 Stone spear point from Michigan. 

121 to 140, both inclusive. Stone arrow heads from Michigan. 

141 Stone gimlet from Michigan. 

142 Indian etching and painting on stone from Brownstown, Michigan. 
1 perforated Indian skull. 

1 perforated Indian skull from Bela Hubbard. 

1 deformed Indian skull from School Board of Flint. 

RECEIVED FROM J. A. BAILEY OF DETROIT. 

142|- Large stone implement from a mound at Fort Gratiot. 

RECEIVED FROM COL. W. P. NORRIS, OF NORRIS, MICH. 

143 Stone hatchet from Michigan. 

144 Stone hatchet from Michigan. 

145 Stone hatchet from Michigan. 

146 Stone skull cracker from Michigan. 

147 Stone skull cracker from Michigan. 

148 Stone celt from Michigan. 

149 Stone celt from Michigan. 

150 Stone celt from Michigan. 

151 Stone celt from Michigan. 

152 Stone ornament from Michigan. 

153 Stone ornament from Michigan. 

154 Stone ornament from Michigan. 

155 Sling stone from Michigan. 

156 Stone spear point from Michigan. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 69 

No. 

157 Copper ornament from Michigan. 

158 1 ornamented stone pipe (red) from Michigan. 

159 1 ornamented white stone pipe from Michigan. 

160 1 Indian paint hag from Michigan. 

RECEIVED FROM GEORGE J. WARD, ST. CLAIR, MICH. 

161 Stone celt from St. Clair county. 

162 Stone celt from St. Clair count) 7 . 

163 Stone celt from St. Clair county. 

164 Stone celt from St. Clair county. 

165 Stone celt from St. Clair county. 

166 Stone celt from St. Clair county. 

167 to 185, both inclusive. Stone arrow heads found in Washtenaw county. 

RECEIVED FROM BELA HUBBARD OF DETROIT. 

186 to 222, both inclusive. Stone arrow heads, spear points and knives from 
Michigan, and a few from Ohio. 

223 Large stone celt from Wayne county. 

RECEIVED FROM NOBLE & BRADY, DETROIT. 

224 Stone hammer from Lake Superior. 

RECEIVED FROM THE SCHOOL BOARD OE FLINT, MICH. 

225 Indian war club. 

226 Indian axe. 

227 Indian axe. 

228 Indian toy axe. 

229 Indian chisel. 

230 Indian axe. 

231 Indian skinner. 

232 Indian rude axe. 

233 Indian chisel. 

234 Indian spear head. 

235 Indian axe. 

236 Indian long pointed spear head. 

237 Indian shuttle. 

238 Indian long pointed arrow head. 

239 Indian spear head with fossil shell on one side. 

240 Indian broken fish spear head. 

RECEIVED FROM KENT SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 

This Institute has been in existence for about 20 years, has a very valuable 
collection of minerals, birds, etc., and numbers among its members many of the 
most learned and best citizens, and is doing a valuable work in educating our 
youth in an important part of education too much neglected in our country. 

ARROW HEADS. 

Nos. 1 to 60 inclusive, all on glass tablets. 



70 CATALOGUE OF PKODITCTS OF MICHIGAN 

COPPER ARTICLES. 
Xo. 

61. Awl and file, on glass tablets (4-inch). 

62. Awl, on glass tablets (4-inch). 

63. Awl or needle, in bone handle, on glass tablets (2-inch). 
G4. Awl or needle, on glass tablets (2-inch). 

65. Spear head (8-inch). 

66. Spear head, in deer-horn handle (thick), (10-inch). 

67. Copper knife (12-inch). 

68. Copper spade (without shank), (3|-inch.) 

69. Copper spade (with shank), (6£-inch). 

70. Copper axe (8-J-inch). 

71. Copper head, Charlevoix. 

72. Copper knife (6-inch). 

73. Perforated oval stone (cord stretcher?). 

74. Fibula, haematite (4J-inch). 

75. Fibula, pottery, sandstone (6 1 -inch). 

76. Pipe, green stone (Dr. Parker). 

77. Pipe, red pipestone (Mr. Spoon). 

78. Dog's head (broken). 

79. Totem, quartzite (sheep head?). 

80. Cord -gauge, slate. 

81. Cord-gauge, slate, large. 

82. Cord -gauge, ribboned slate. 

83. Cord-gauge, oval. 

84. Cord-gauge, three holes. 

85. Cord-gauge. 

86. Cord -gauge. 

87. Cord-gauge. 

88. Head spear of bone. 

89. Two serrated fish spears, Kendall's add., deer's horn. 

90. Two bone stilettos. 

91. Arrow-heads, Grand Rapids. 

92. Flesher, tunica, Ottawa Co. 

93. Flesher, Spoonville, Ottawa Co. 

94. Hatchet, Grand Rapids. 

95. Skinning knife, Grand Rapids. 

96. Axe, Kent Co., Mich. 

97. Axe, Kent Co., Mich. 

98. Flesher, Kent Co., Mich. 

99. Flesher, Kent Co., Mich. 

100. Adz, Kent Co., Mich. 

101. Gouge, Kent Co., Mich. 

102. Pestle, Kent Co., Mich. 

103. Pestle, Kent Co., Mich. 

104. Flesher, Kent Co., Mich. 

105. Copper spear, Kent Co., Mich. 

106. Two arrows and two spear-heads, Kent Co., Mich. 

107. Spear or lance, Kent Co., Mich. 

108. Arrow-heads, Ottawa Co., Mich. 



AT THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 71 

109. Drill and arrow-lie ads, Kent Co., Mich. 

110. Four arrow-heads, Kent Co., Mich. 

111. Vase, mound, Grand Rapids. 

112. Vase, mound, Grand Eapids. 

113. Shell, mound, Grand Eapids. 

114. Shell, mound, Grand Kapids. 

115. Maul, Michigan. 

116. Worn axe, Michigan. 

117. Axe, Michigan. 

118. Totem of ribboned slate. 

119. Totem or pipe. 

120. Totem or pipe. 

121. Pipe, fossil coral. 

122. Pipe. 

123. Pipe. 

124. Pipe, catlinite. 

125. Pipe, Michigan. 

126. Pipe, Michigan. 

127. Modern Indian pipe, Fox Indians. 

128. Totem, Southern Michigan. 

129. Totem, Michigan. 

130. Pipe, Panama. 

BELA HUBBARD, 

J. C. HOLMES, 
B. F. BUSH, 

Committee Detroit Scientific Association. 



72 



CATALOGUE OF PRODUCTS OF MICHIGAN. 



MANUSCRIPT REPORTS 

OF GRADED SCHOOLS, COLLEGES, STATE INSTITUTIONS, CHURCHES 
PUBLIC LAW AND GOVERNMENT, SECRET SOCIETIES, 

ART Gx\LLERIES. 



Vols. 

Grand Rapids _ _ 3 

East Saginaw 11 

Bay City 5 

Saginaw City 3 

Flint 1 

Pontiac 1 

Ypsilanti 1 

Ann Arbor 1 

Howell 1 

Lansing 1 

St. Johns 1 

Battle Creek 1 

Niles 1 

Benton Harbor 1 

Cold water _ 1 

Calumet 1 

Brooklin 1 

Detroit 4 

Hillsdale 

Ionia 

Jackson 

Adrian College _ . 1 

Olivet College 1 

Kalamazoo College 1 

Albion College 1 

Hillsdale College 1 

Baptist Church 1 



Vols. 

Methodist Church 1 

Dutch Reformed : 1 

Roman Catholic 1 

Presbyterian Church 1 

Protestant Episcopal Church 1 

State Public School 1 

State Reform School 1 

State Deaf and Dumb 1 

Insane Asylum 1 

Agricultural College 

State Prison 

Michigan University .... 

State Normal School 

Detroit Medical College 

House of Correction 

Royal Arch Chapter 

Commandery K. T 

Free and Accejoted Masons 

Counsel R. A. M 

Good Templar 

Art Gallery, Cold water 

Scientific Association 

Commercial College, Detroit 

Mayhew Com. College 

Kalamazoo Com. College — _.--.. 
Superintendent Pub. Instruction.. 









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